A Portable Generator is a very useful device that acts as a backup source of energy for a small home or office in the event of total power failure. While you can use the generator with its outlets, the better way to power different appliances in a home is to connect the generator to the main circuit breaker panel. One popular question in this regard is “How to backfeed a breaker panel with a generator?”. In this guide, let us take a closer look at the process of connecting a generator to a breaker panel. In the process, we will understand why you shouldn’t directly backfeed a breaker panel with a generator and also see the proper way to do this.
What is Generator Backfeeding?
Backfeeding refers to the situation where electricity flows from an electrical source, such as a generator, into an electrical system, such as a building’s electrical panel, in the opposite direction of its normal flow.
Generator backfeeding is the practice of connecting a portable generator directly to a household or building’s electrical system without a transfer switch or other appropriate device.
This is a dangerous and illegal practice that can result in serious injury or death to utility workers, neighbors, or anyone who comes into contact with the electrical system.
When we connect a generator directly to a home’s electrical panel without proper isolation or transfer switches, the generator’s electricity can feed back into the utility lines, creating a dangerous situation known as “backfeeding”.
For example, if we connect a generator to a building’s electrical panel without a transfer switch, the electricity generated by the generator can flow back into the utility lines and pose a hazard to utility workers who may be working on those lines.
This can cause electricity to flow in both directions, which can be extremely hazardous for anyone working on the power lines, as well as for anyone in the vicinity of the home or building.
Backfeeding can also cause damage to equipment and appliances connected to the electrical system, as the flow of electricity in the wrong direction can overload circuits and cause components to fail.
To prevent backfeeding, it is important to use proper equipment, such as transfer switches, to isolate the generator’s electrical output from the electrical system, prevent electricity from flowing in the wrong direction and that only one source of power is connected to the electrical system at a time.
Additionally, it is important to follow safety guidelines when working with generators and electrical systems, such as wearing appropriate protective gear and ensuring that all equipment is properly grounded.
What is a Transfer Switch?
A transfer switch is an electrical switch that connects a backup power source, such as a generator, to a building’s electrical system.
It is designed to switch the building’s electrical load safely and quickly from the utility power source to the backup power source during a power outage, and then back to the utility power source when it is restored.
A transfer switch works by isolating the backup power source from the utility power source when the backup power source is not in use. When the backup power source is needed, the transfer switch disconnects the building’s electrical load from the utility power source and connects it to the backup power source.
This ensures that only one source of power is connected to the electrical system at a time, preventing backfeeding and other hazards.
There are two main types of transfer switches: manual and automatic. Manual transfer switches require the user to physically switch the electrical load from one power source to the other.
Automatic transfer switches on the other hand, use sensors to detect when the utility power source has failed and automatically switch the electrical load to the backup power source.
Transfer switches are an important safety device when using backup power sources such as generators, as they prevent dangerous backfeeding and ensure that only one power source is connected to the electrical system at a time.
It is important to choose a transfer switch that is compatible with your electrical system and backup power source.
How to Connect a Transfer Switch?
Connecting a transfer switch involves several steps and it is important to follow the manufacturer’s instructions. Also, consult with a licensed electrician to ensure that the transfer switch is installed safely and correctly.
Here is a general overview of the steps involved in connecting a transfer switch.
Turn off the utility power to the building by switching off the main circuit breaker in the electrical panel. Mount the transfer switch in a location that is easily accessible and close to the electrical panel. The transfer switch should be grounded and installed according to local electrical codes.
Connect the transfer switch to the backup power source, such as a generator. This may involve installing a power inlet box, which provides a connection point for the generator’s power cord.
Connect the transfer switch to the building’s electrical panel. This involves running wires from the transfer switch to the electrical panel and connecting them to the appropriate circuits.
Test the transfer switch to ensure that it is working properly. This may involve simulating a power outage by turning off the generator and verifying that the transfer switch automatically switches the electrical load to the utility power source.
Label the transfer switch and electrical panel to indicate which circuits are connected to the backup power source.
It is important to remember that connecting a transfer switch involves working with electrical power and can be dangerous if not done correctly. It is always best to consult with a licensed electrician who can ensure that the transfer switch is installed safely and according to local codes and regulations.
How to Backfeed a Breaker Panel with a Generator?
It is important to note that backfeeding a breaker panel with a generator without a transfer switch or other appropriate equipment is dangerous and illegal. It can create a hazardous condition for utility workers and others, and it is not recommended.
If you need to connect a generator to your home or building’s electrical system, the safest and most appropriate way to do so is by using a transfer switch or other device designed for this purpose (interlock kit).
A transfer switch is a device that isolates the generator’s electrical output from the utility lines. It prevents backfeeding and ensures that only one source of power is connected to the electrical system at a time.
We usually install the transfer switch between the main breaker panel and the generator, and it allows you to switch between the two power sources easily.
To backfeed a breaker panel with a generator using a transfer switch, you can follow these steps:
- Purchase and install a transfer switch that is compatible with your generator and electrical system. If you have experience working with electricity and the main breaker panel, then you can do this yourself.
- However, for most users, we recommend you contact a professional (a licensed electrician).
- Turn off the main breaker in your electrical panel. Connect the generator to the transfer switch using the appropriate cables and connectors.
- Turn on the generator and allow it to warm up. Turn on the circuits you want to power with the generator one at a time, according to the instructions provided with your transfer switch.
- When you are ready to switch back to utility power, turn off the circuits you powered with the generator and turn off the generator. Switch the transfer switch to the utility power position and turn on the main breaker in your electrical panel.
By following these steps, you can safely and legally backfeed a breaker panel with a generator using a transfer switch.
Dangers of Backfeeding Without Transfer Switch
The dangers of backfeeding a breaker panel with a generator without using a transfer switch are significant and can result in serious injury, property damage, or even death. Here are some of the most significant risks associated with backfeeding without transfer switch.
Backfeeding can create a dangerous situation where electricity is flowing in both directions, putting anyone who comes into contact with the power lines or electrical system at risk of electrocution.
This is a serious issue that utility workers, who are working on the power lines or attempting to restore power to the area, might face severe injuries or in the worst case, electrocution to death.
Backfeeding can overload the electrical system and cause wires or other components to overheat and catch fire.
It can also cause property damage. Backfeeding can damage electrical equipment, appliances, and other electronics in the home or building.
Backfeeding is illegal and can result in fines, legal action, and even criminal charges.
Therefore, it’s essential to use proper equipment and safety measures when using a generator to avoid the risks associated with backfeeding. A licensed electrician can help ensure that your generator is connected safely and legally.
Why People Backfeed Breaker Panels with a Generator?
People backfeed generators in order to provide temporary power to their homes or businesses during a power outage.
Backfeeding involves connecting a portable generator directly to an electrical outlet or circuit in a building, rather than using a transfer switch or other safety device.
As the dryer has the largest plug in a typical residential electrical system, the most common way to backfeed a generator is to connect the generator’s outlet directly to the dryer plug. This is very dangerous and we do not recommend this approach.
There are several reasons why people may choose to backfeed their generator rather than using a transfer switch:
Installing a transfer switch can be expensive, and some people may choose to backfeed their generator as a cheaper alternative.
Backfeeding can be more convenient than using a transfer switch, as it allows the generator to be connected to a single outlet or circuit rather than requiring separate wiring for each circuit.
In some cases, a transfer switch may not be available or may not be compatible with the electrical system in a building.
However, backfeeding can be dangerous if not done correctly. It can create a risk of electrocution or fire, and it can also damage electrical equipment or cause power outages on the utility grid.
It is important to follow proper safety procedures and to use a transfer switch or other safety device to ensure that only one power source is connected to the electrical system at a time.
Cheaper Alternative to Transfer Switch (An Interlock Kit)
An interlock kit is a device that is used to connect a portable generator to a building’s electrical panel. It is an alternative to a transfer switch and provides a safe and easy way to switch between the utility power source and the generator power source during a power outage.
It consists of a metal plate that is installed on the electrical panel and a mechanical interlock that is connected to the circuit breakers.
The plate prevents the circuit breakers for the utility power source and the generator power source from being turned on at the same time, ensuring that only one power source is connected to the electrical system at a time.
To use an interlock kit, you must first turn off the utility power source at the main circuit breaker in the electrical panel. Then connect the generator to the interlock kit using a power cord, and start the generator.
You can then use the mechanical interlock to switch the circuit breakers from the utility power source to the generator power source. This allows the generator to provide power to the electrical system.
Interlock kits are a cost-effective alternative to transfer switches, as they do not require additional electrical components or wiring. However, they may not be suitable for all types of electrical panels.
Conclusion
The popularity of portable generators is increasing day-by-day as the weather nowadays is very unpredictable (the recent L.A. floods is just one example). While purchasing a portable generator is one thing, properly using it is very important.
A popular question many generator owners have is “how to backfeed a breaker panel with a generator?”. Backfeeding a generator directly to the main breaker is highly dangerous and also illegal.
If you are planning to connect a generator to the main breaker panel, then you have to use transfer switch or interlock kit.
